Ibisa nibitandukaniro hagati ya Extruders na Imashini zitera inshinge

Imashini zisohora imashini zitera inshinge zifite uruhare runini mubikorwa, nyamara ziratandukanye cyane mumikorere no mubikorwa. Inzira zombi zirimo gushyushya plastike kumashanyarazi, ariko extruders ikomeza gusunika ibintu binyuze mu rupfu, bigakora ishusho ndende, imwe nkimiyoboro nigituba. Ibinyuranyo, imashini ibumba inshinge itera inshinge zashongeshejwe mubibumbano kugirango bibe ibintu bigoye, bitatu-bingana. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro nibyingenzi mubikorwa bigamije kunoza umusaruro no gukora neza. Extrusion ikunze kwerekana ko ifite ubukungu bitewe nigiciro gito cyibikoresho nigiciro cyumusaruro wihuse, bigatuma biba byiza cyane, ibice byoroshye.

Ibisobanuro n'imikorere y'ibanze

Extruder ni iki?

Ibisobanuro nigikorwa cyibanze

Extruder ni imashini itandukanye ikoreshwa munganda zitandukanye mugushiraho no gukora ibikoresho. Ikora mugusunika ibintu bishongeshejwe binyuze mu rupfu, ikora imyirondoro ikomeza hamwe nu gice gihoraho. Ubu buryo butuma habaho umusaruro muremure, umwe nkimiyoboro, tubing, hamwe na profile. Ubushobozi bwa extruder bwo gukomeza kugenzura neza imiterere nubunini bwibisohoka bituma iba igikoresho cyingenzi mubikorwa.

Ubwoko busanzwe bwa extruders

Ibisohoka biza muburyo butandukanye, buri kimwe cyagenewe porogaramu zihariye. Ubwoko bukunze kuboneka harimo:

• Extruders imwe: Ibi nibikoreshwa cyane kandi nibyiza mugutunganya thermoplastique. Zigizwe numuyoboro umwe uzunguruka muri barri ishyushye.
• Twin-screw extruders: Izi mashini zifite imiyoboro ibiri ihuza itanga kuvanga neza kandi ikwiranye no guhuza no gutunganya ibikoresho hamwe ninyongera.
• Ram extruders: Ikoreshwa mugutunganya ibikoresho nka reberi na ceramics, aba extruders bakoresha impfizi y'intama ya hydraulic kugirango basunike ibikoresho mu rupfu.

Imashini itera inshinge ni iki?

Ibisobanuro nigikorwa cyibanze

Imashini ibumba inshinge nigikoresho gihanitse gikoreshwa mugukora ibice bya plastike nziza. Ikora itera inshinge zashongeshejwe mubibumbano, aho bikonje kandi bigakomera muburyo bwifuzwa. Ubu buryo buhebuje mukurema ibice bigoye, bitatu-bipima kwihanganira neza, bigatuma ihitamo gukundwa cyane.

Ubwoko busanzwe bwimashini zitera inshinge

Imashini zitera inshinge ziratandukanye ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyazo. Ubwoko nyamukuru burimo:

• Imashini itera hydraulic: Izi mashini zikoresha ingufu za hydraulic kugirango zitware inshinge kandi zizwiho gukomera no kwizerwa.
• Imashini zibumba amashanyarazi: Gutanga ingufu zingirakamaro kandi neza, izi mashini zikoresha moteri yamashanyarazi kugirango igenzure inzira yo gutera inshinge.
• Imashini zitera inshinge: Gukomatanya ibyiza bya sisitemu ya hydraulic na mashanyarazi, izi mashini zitanga ibintu byoroshye kandi neza mubikorwa.

Kugereranya inzira

Inzira yo Kurekura

Intambwe ku yindi inzira rusange

Extruders ikora binyuze muburyo butaziguye ariko bunoze. Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho bibisi, akenshi muburyo bwa pellet, byinjira muri hopper. Ibikoresho noneho byimukira muri barriel, aho bishyuha kumashanyarazi. Umuyoboro uzunguruka usunika ibikoresho byashongeshejwe muri barrile ugana ku rupfu. Nkuko ibikoresho bisohoka mu rupfu, bifata imiterere yifuzwa, nk'umuyoboro cyangwa urupapuro. Hanyuma, ibicuruzwa byakuweho birakonja kandi bigakomera, byiteguye gukomeza gutunganywa cyangwa gukoreshwa.

Ibintu byingenzi biranga inzira yo gukuramo

Extruders ni indashyikirwa mu gutanga uburebure buringaniye bwibintu hamwe na profili ihamye. Iyi nzira ikoresha ingufu kandi itanga ihinduka muburebure bwibicuruzwa. Ariko, ntibisobanutse neza ugereranije nubundi buryo kandi bigarukira mugukora imiterere igoye. Extruders nibyiza kubyara umusaruro mwinshi wibice byoroshye, bigatuma uhitamo neza-inganda nyinshi.

Uburyo bwo gutera inshinge

Intambwe ku yindi inzira rusange

Gutera inshinge bikubiyemo inzira iruhije. Mu ikubitiro, pellet za pulasitike zigaburirwa muri mashini ya mashini. Ibikoresho noneho byinjira mukibindi gishyushye, aho gishonga. Imashini cyangwa plungeri yinjiza plastiki yashongeshejwe mu cyuho. Ifumbire, isobanura imiterere yibicuruzwa byanyuma, ikonjesha plastike, ikayemerera gukomera. Iyo plastike imaze gukomera, ifumbire irakinguka, igice cyarangiye gisohoka.

Ibintu byingenzi biranga uburyo bwo gutera inshinge

Gutera inshinge biragaragara neza kandi neza hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora imiterere igoye, -ibice bitatu. Iyi nzira irakwiriye kubyara umubyimba munini wibice bigoye hamwe no kwihanganira gukomeye. Nubwo ifite ibiciro biri hejuru kubera kurema ibishushanyo, nibyiza gukora ibicuruzwa birambuye kandi byuzuye. Imashini zibumba inshinge zitanga ubushobozi bwo gukora ibice bifite ibishushanyo mbonera, bigatuma biba ngombwa mubikorwa bisaba ibice birambuye.

Imikoreshereze y'ibikoresho n'ibiranga

Ibikoresho Byakoreshejwe muri Extrusion

Ubwoko bwibikoresho nibiranga

Inzira yo gukuramo ikoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye, buri kimwe gitanga ibintu byihariye bihuye nibisabwa byihariye. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo:

• Thermoplastique: Ibi bikoresho, nka polyethylene na polypropilene, birakunzwe kubera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gushonga inshuro nyinshi. Zitanga ihinduka ryiza kandi rirambye.
• Elastomers: Azwiho ubuhanga bworoshye, elastomers nka reberi nibyiza kubicuruzwa bisaba guhinduka no kwihangana.
• Ibyuma: Aluminium n'umuringa akenshi bikoreshwa mugusohora imbaraga n'imbaraga zabo, bigatuma bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi nuburyo bukoreshwa.

Ibintu byose biranga ibintu, nko gushonga, kwiyegeranya, nimbaraga zikomeye, bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo igikwiye.

Ibipimo byo guhitamo ibikoresho

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo gukuramo bikubiyemo gusuzuma ibintu byinshi:

1. Amazi: Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite amazi meza kugirango inzira zinyuze mu rupfu.
2. Ubushyuhe bukabije: Ibikoresho bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugira uruhare mubikorwa byo gukuramo nta gutesha agaciro.
3. Ibisabwa-kurangiza: Reba ibicuruzwa byanyuma bisabwa, nko guhinduka, imbaraga, cyangwa kurwanya ibidukikije.

Gusobanukirwa ibi bipimo bifasha ababikora guhitamo ibikoresho bitezimbere umusaruro nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.

Ibikoresho Byakoreshejwe Muburyo bwo Gutera inshinge

Ubwoko bwibikoresho nibiranga

Gutera inshinge cyane cyane ikoresha thermosetting na polimoplastique. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi birimo:

• Thermoplastique: Polimeri nka ABS na polyakarubone itoneshwa kugirango yoroshye kubumba hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutanga ibice birambuye.
• Thermosets: Ibi bikoresho, nka epoxy na fenolike, bitanga ubushyuhe buhebuje hamwe nuburinganire bwimiterere bimaze gushyirwaho.
• Ibigize: Guhuza polymers hamwe na fibre cyangwa ibyuzuza byongera imbaraga kandi bikagabanya ibiro, bigatuma biba byiza mumodoka no mu kirere.

Guhitamo ibintu bigira ingaruka ku guhinduka, imbaraga, no kugaragara kubicuruzwa byanyuma.

Ibipimo byo guhitamo ibikoresho

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo gutera inshinge bisaba gutekereza cyane kubintu byinshi:

1. Amazi: Amazi menshi ningirakamaro mukuzuza ibishushanyo bigoye, cyane cyane kubukuta buto cyangwa bubi.
2. Guhuza: Ibikoresho bigomba guhuzwa nububiko hamwe nibigenewe gukoreshwa, byemeza kuramba no gukora.
3. Ikiguzi-cyiza: Kuringaniza ibiciro byibikoresho nibisabwa ni ngombwa kugirango ubukungu bugerweho.

Mugusuzuma ibi bipimo, ababikora barashobora guhitamo ibikoresho byujuje ibyifuzo byihariye byimishinga yabo yo gutera inshinge, bigatuma umusaruro wujuje ubuziranenge kandi uhendutse.

Ibyingenzi byingenzi nibyiza

Ibyiza bya Extruders

Gukora neza no gukoresha neza

Extruders itanga inyungu zingenzi muburyo bwo gukora neza no gukoresha neza. Bakora nkibikorwa bikomeza, byemerera kubyara umusaruro muremure, umwe hamwe nigihe gito cyo hasi. Iki gikorwa gihoraho kigabanya amafaranga yumurimo kandi cyongera umuvuduko wumusaruro, bigatuma extruders ihitamo ubukungu mubikorwa byo gukora. Igiciro cyo gushiraho muri rusange ni gito ugereranije nubundi buryo, kuko inzira isaba ibikoresho bitoroshye. Ibi bituma extruders ishimisha cyane cyane inganda zikeneye gutanga umusaruro mwinshi mubice byoroshye kandi bihendutse.

Guhinduranya muburyo bwibicuruzwa

Extruders ni indashyikirwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byinshi bitandukanye. Bashobora kubyara umurongo cyangwa ibice bibiri, nk'imiyoboro, impapuro, hamwe na profili, hamwe nukuri kurwego rwo hejuru. Ubu buryo bwinshi butuma ababikora bahuza ibyifuzo bitandukanye byamasoko muguhindura ipfa kugirango bakore imiterere nubunini butandukanye. Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu birebire byibikoresho bisobanura kandi ko extruders ishobora gukora neza ibicuruzwa nka tubing na firime. Uku guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere bituma abasohora umutungo bafite agaciro mu nganda kuva ubwubatsi kugeza gupakira.

Ibyiza byimashini zitera inshinge

Ibisobanuro nibisobanuro mubicuruzwa

Imashini zibumba inshinge zigaragara kubushobozi bwazo bwo gukora ibicuruzwa byuzuye kandi birambuye. Batera plastike yashongeshejwe mubibumbano, bituma habaho gukora imiterere igoye, ifite ibipimo bitatu hamwe no kwihanganira gukomeye. Ubu busobanuro ni ingenzi cyane ku nganda zisaba ibishushanyo mbonera kandi bifite ubuziranenge buhoraho, nko gukora ibinyabiziga n’ubuvuzi. Imashini zitera inshinge zirashobora kugumana ibipimo nyabyo mubunini buke, byemeza ko buri gice cyujuje ibisobanuro nyabyo. Ubu bushobozi butuma badakenerwa mubisabwa bisaba ubunyangamugayo burambuye kandi burambuye.

Birakwiye kubyara umusaruro mwinshi

Imashini zibumba inshinge zikwiranye nibikorwa byinshi. Bashobora kubyara ibice byinshi byihuse kandi bihoraho, bigatuma bahitamo inganda zisaba inganda nini cyane. Inzira igabanya imyanda isakaye kandi igabanya ibiciro byakazi, bigira uruhare mubikorwa rusange. Byongeye kandi, imashini ibumba inshinge irashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byinshi, bigatuma abayikora bahitamo ibikoresho byiza kubyo basabye. Ihinduka, rifatanije nubushobozi bwo gukora ibice birambuye, bituma imashini zibumba inshinge igikoresho gikomeye cyo gukora byinshi.

Porogaramu mu nganda zitandukanye

Inganda zikoreshwa munganda

Inganda n'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe

Abashoramari bafite uruhare runini mu nganda nyinshi bitewe nubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora imiterere ikomeza kandi imwe. Inganda zubwubatsi zikoresha kenshi ibicuruzwa biva mu miyoboro, imyirondoro, nibikoresho byo kubika. Mu rwego rwo gupakira, extruders ikora firime nimpapuro zikenewe mugupfunyika no kurinda ibicuruzwa. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zunguka ibicuruzwa biva mu kuzikoresha mu gukora ibice nka kashe na gasketi. Byongeye kandi, inganda zibiribwa zikoresha ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga nka makariso hamwe nudukoryo, byerekana byinshi bitandukanye mubice bitandukanye.

Inyigo cyangwa ingero

Mu nganda zubaka, urugero rugaragara rurimo gukoresha extruders kugirango ikore imiyoboro ya PVC. Iyi miyoboro ningirakamaro muri sisitemu yo kuvoma no kuvoma bitewe nigihe kirekire kandi ikora neza. Urundi rugero ruva mu nganda zipakira, aho extruders ikora firime ya polyethylene ikoreshwa mukugabanya gupfunyika no mumifuka ya plastike. Izi firime zitanga uburinzi buhebuje kandi bworoshye, bigatuma ziba ingenzi kubipakira. Inganda zikora ibiryo nazo zitanga ubushakashatsi bwimbitse hamwe nogukora ibinyampeke bya mugitondo. Extruders ishushanya kandi iteka ifu yintete, bikavamo kumenyera guswera no guhunika abaguzi bishimira.

Inganda zikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gutera inshinge

Inganda n'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe

Imashini zitera inshinge ziza cyane mu nganda zisaba neza kandi zigoye. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zishingiye kuri izo mashini kugirango zibyare ibice bigoye nkibibaho na bamperi. Mu rwego rwubuvuzi, gutera inshinge bikora ibice nka siringi nibikoresho byo kubaga, aho ibisobanuro byingenzi. Inganda za elegitoroniki zikoresha inshinge kugirango zikore amazu nuhuza ibikoresho, byemeza ko biramba kandi neza. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwibicuruzwa byabaguzi rwungukirwa no guterwa inshinge mugukora ibintu nkibikinisho nibikoresho byo murugo, byerekana ko bikoreshwa cyane.

Inyigo cyangwa ingero

Urugero rugaragara mu nganda z’imodoka zirimo gukora ibimodoka. Imashini zibumba inshinge zirema ibyo bice bifite ibipimo nyabyo n'imbaraga nyinshi, byemeza umutekano hamwe nubwiza bwiza. Mu nganda zubuvuzi, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ikoreshwa ryatewe inshinge kugirango ikore amakaramu ya insuline. Ibi bikoresho bisaba ibisobanuro nyabyo kugirango umenye neza dosiye nibikorwa, byerekana neza neza uburyo bwo gutera inshinge. Inganda za elegitoroniki zitanga urundi rugero hamwe no gukora dosiye za terefone. Gushushanya inshinge zituma habaho gukora ibintu byiza kandi biramba birinda ibikoresho mugihe gikomeza kugaragara.

Imashini zisohora imashini zitera inshinge zombi zifite uruhare runini mubikorwa, nyamara zikora intego zitandukanye. Extruders ni indashyikirwa mu gukora imiterere ikomeza, imwe ku giciro gito kubera ibikoresho byoroshye. Imashini zibumba inshinge, ariko, zitanga ibisobanuro kubice bigoye, bitatu-bingana, bigatuma biba byiza kubishushanyo mbonera.

Guhitamo inzira nziza biterwa ninganda zikenewe:

• Gukabyabikwiranye numusaruro mwinshi wibice byoroshye.
• Gutera inshingebihuye n'ibishushanyo bigoye bisaba neza.

Inganda zigomba gucukumbura ayo mahitamo kandi zikabaza impuguke kugirango zongere ingamba zo kubyaza umusaruro.

Reba kandi

Gucukumbura Ibyiciro Bitandukanye bya Extruders

Inganda Biterwa na Twin Screw Extruders

Gusobanukirwa Imikorere ya Extruder Screw

Inama zo Kuringaniza Ubushyuhe bwa Barrale muri Extruders imwe

Iterambere mubikorwa bya Hollow Blow Molding Inganda